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Badegoule


badegoule perforated shells

Grotte de Badegoule - a site which spans the Solutrean and the start of the Magdalenian.

Photo: http://visites.aquitaine.fr/grotte-de-badegoule


The Badegoulian culture spans the Solutrean and the early Magdalenian, and has been dated to between 19 000 and 17 000 BP. The lithic industry includes laurel leaf points and shouldered points, as well as the small scrapers known as raclettes. Shells for jewellery were obtained from fossil sites, as well as from both Atlantic and Mediterranean beaches. The site of Badegoule (45°08' N, 1°12' E) is in the Lardin-Saint-Lazare commune at the base and the extremity of a limestone cliff facing south, on the left bank of a tributary of Le Cern brook. The site may have been a huge living place, covering a large surface on the slope of the present relief, at least 50 m long and 20 m deep.

Text above adapted from Wikipedia and Rosendahl et al. (2003)



badegoule perforated shells


Location of the Badegoule site, Lardin-Saint-Lazare commune, Dordogne .

Photo: Drawing M. Seurin, UMR 5809 CNRS
Source: Rosendahl et al. (2003)



badegoule
A Badegoulian site.

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2014
Source: Display, Musée d'Archeologie Nationale et Domaine, St-Germain-en-Laye




badegoule tools
Layers VII and VI: Badegoulien

80 and 81: Perçoirs multiples, tools with multiple drill points fashioned on them.
82 to 86: Raclette (see below).
87: spear point with a groove.

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2014
Source: Original, Musée d'Archeologie Nationale et Domaine, St-Germain-en-Laye




badegoule tools
A raclette is a small flint flake, from 20 mm to 30 mm in diameter, and from 4 mm to 5 mm in thickness. One side is almost flat, usually with a clear bulb of percussion. The retouch may be on one side, two sides, three sides, but more usually all the way round. The name raclette was given to them by Cheynier (1930).

Their main purpose was to scrape wooden baguettes to shape, for smoothing wood, and for the removal of bark. They are only seen in the early Magdalenian.

Photo and text: Cheynier (1930)




IMG_6908no5raclettelesjeanblancssee6869textsm


Badegoulian raclettes, scrapers, Les Jean-Blancs (Les Jamblancs), Bayac (24)

Flint, Inv. no. 60.476.66 and 132

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2015
Source: Original, Musée d'Aquitaine à Bordeaux




badegoule tools
Layers VII and VI: Badegoulien

88 to 91: Grattoir.
92, 93, 94: Burin.


Photo: Don Hitchcock 2014
Source: Original, Musée d'Archeologie Nationale et Domaine, St-Germain-en-Laye




badegoule tools
Layers V to 1: Solutrean

Three leftmost tools: Leaf point.
98 to 101: Backed blade.
Far right: Eyed needle.

(note, however, the exquisite and unique rock crystal blade at 99. It is so thin, flat, transparent and beautifully made that you could read a newspaper through it - Don )

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2014
Source: Original, Musée d'Archeologie Nationale et Domaine, St-Germain-en-Laye




badegoule tools
Layers V to 1: Solutrean

Far left: Eyed needle.
Second left: Spear point with a simple (not forked) base.
Next four: pendants of teeth and shell.
Far right: carved bone.

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2014
Source: Original, Musée d'Archeologie Nationale et Domaine, St-Germain-en-Laye




badegoule tools
Layers V to 1: Solutrean

Left three: Laurel leaf points.
Far right: Flat faced point.

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2014
Source: Original, Musée d'Archeologie Nationale et Domaine, St-Germain-en-Laye




badegoule tools
Layers V to 1: Solutrean

Left: Flat faced point.
Right three: Pointe à cran, shouldered point.

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2014
Source: Original, Musée d'Archeologie Nationale et Domaine, St-Germain-en-Laye




badegoule tools
Layers V to 1: Solutrean

Left: Grattoir.
Centre: Double grattoir.
RIght: Burin.

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2014
Source: Original, Musée d'Archeologie Nationale et Domaine, St-Germain-en-Laye




badegoule tools
Layers V to 1: Solutrean

Left and centre: Burin.
Right: Perçoir, drill.

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2014
Source: Original, Musée d'Archeologie Nationale et Domaine, St-Germain-en-Laye




badegoule




The Badegoulian culture occupied the same geographical area as the Solutrean culture.

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2014
Source: Display, Musée d'Archeologie Nationale et Domaine, St-Germain-en-Laye




badegoule




The particularly rigorous climate during the Badegoulian brought desertification to zones of higher altitude, and the lower plains saw the development of sparse vegetation.

Concentrated on the Aquitaine and its margins in south west France, the Badegoulians hunted reindeer and horses, and, more rarely, ibex, chamois, aurochs, bison, and the saïga antelope.

These herbivores, however well adapted they were to these very harsh environments, struggled to survive, and their size was reduced accordingly.

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2014
Source: Display, Musée d'Archeologie Nationale et Domaine, St-Germain-en-Laye




badegoule




Origin of Badegoulian flint and shells.

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2014
Source: Display, Musée d'Archeologie Nationale et Domaine, St-Germain-en-Laye




badegoule perforated shells
Badegoule perforated shells.

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2014
Source: Musée d’art et d’archéologie du Périgord, Périgueux



Bull Roarer
Bullroarers

1. Magdalenian; La Roche, Lalinde, Dordogne. Length 180mm.
2. Magdalenian; Abri de Laugerie Basse, Les Eyzies-de-Tayac. Length 107mm.
3. Solutrean; Lespugue, Haute Garonne. Length 90mm.
4. Solutrean; Badegoule , Dordogne. Length 190mm.

Photo: Dauvois (1989)
Source and text: Morley (2003)




badegoule grattoir
Badegoule grattoir.

This type of scraper, a grattoir on the end of a blade, constitutes 70% of the grattoirs found at Badegoule, according to Cheynier (1939)

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2014
Source: Musée d’art et d’archéologie du Périgord, Périgueux



badegoule point?
This tool is hard to categorise - it has features of a point, a burin and a scraper.

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2014
Source: Musée d’art et d’archéologie du Périgord, Périgueux



badegoule pointes a cran
Badegoule shouldered points, (pointes à cran) and laurel leafed points.

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2014
Source: Musée d’art et d’archéologie du Périgord, Périgueux



badegoule points a cran
Badegoule scrapers and blades, with a rock crystal piece at the back.

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2014
Source: Hermann Collection, Musée d’art et d’archéologie du Périgord, Périgueux



badegoule points a cran and laurel leaf blades
Laurel leaf blades, with some shouldered points on the right of the image.

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2014
Source: Musée d’art et d’archéologie du Périgord, Périgueux



badegoule laurel leaf blades
Solutrean of Badegoule.

Laurel leaf blades: 1 to 8, 11 and 12.

Fléchettes : 9 and 10.

Photo: Pradel (1957)



badegoule points a cran and laurel leaf blades
Pointes à cran (shouldered points), and some rock crystal pieces.

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2014
Source: Musée d’art et d’archéologie du Périgord, Périgueux



badegoule pointes a cran
Solutrean of Badegoule.

Laurel leaf blades: 1, 4, 7, 8, 11, 20.

Shouldered points: 9, 13, 14.

Drills : 10, 15 to 19.

End scrapers: 3, 21.

Blades with a blunted edge: 2, 5, 6, 12.

Photo: Pradel (1957)



badegoule pointes a cran and laurel leaf blades
Pointes à cran (shouldered points), rock crystal pieces, and jewellery, including Dentalium shells, long tubes often threaded as part of a necklace. These Dentalium shells were available both from fossil sites and as shells washed up on beaches.

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2014
Source: Hardy Collection, catalogue série A, 1905, Musée d’art et d’archéologie du Périgord, Périgueux



badegoule scrapers
This selection is dominated by the superb scraper on the left, made on a well crafted blade with great skill, and able to be used on all four sides.

The other pieces are nondescript scrapers and a laurel leaf blade.

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2014
Source: Musée d’art et d’archéologie du Périgord, Périgueux



badegoule pointes a cran
Solutrean of Badegoule.

Various burins : 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 11.

End scraper : 4, 6, 7, 10, 12, 13, 15.

Blades : 14, 16.

Photo: Pradel (1957)



badegoule scrapers
Scrapers.

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2014
Source: Musée d’art et d’archéologie du Périgord, Périgueux



badegoule scrapers
Scrapers.

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2014
Source: Musée d’art et d’archéologie du Périgord, Périgueux






Badegoulian tools from other sites



poincons, awls

Badegoulian bone awls, from Les Jean-Blancs, Bayac.

Albert Coste collection.

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2015
Catalog: 60.476.1, 60.476.2
Source: Original, Musée d'Aquitaine à Bordeaux




IMG_6904burinsm IMG_6912no2burinmoulindepourquey_burinsm


Badegoulian burins, Moulin de Pourquey, Castelviel (33)
Flint, Inv. no. 2006.17.15.2, 2006.17.15.3

( note the fossil inclusions in the burin on the right, possibly sponge spicules - Don )

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2015
Source: Original, Musée d'Aquitaine à Bordeaux




IMG_6905percoirsm
Badegoulian tool

( This undescribed tool is probably a burin - Don )

Flint

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2015
Source: Original, Musée d'Aquitaine à Bordeaux




IMG_6901no8lamellesmoulindepourqueysee6869textsm
Badegoulian lamelles, blades, Moulin de Pourquey, Castelviel (33)

Flint, Inv. no. 2006.17.15.14 to 2006.17.15.25

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2015
Source: Original, Musée d'Aquitaine à Bordeaux




IMG_6903sm IMG_6903sm


Badegoulian lamelles, blades, Moulin de Pourquey, Castelviel (33)

Flint, Inv. no. 2006.17.15.14 to 2006.17.15.25

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2015
Source: Original, Musée d'Aquitaine à Bordeaux




IMG_6903sm Grattoir, scraper, Moulin de Pourquey, Castelviel (33)

Flint, Inv. no. 2006.17.15.4 to 2006.17.15.8

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2015
Source: Original, Musée d'Aquitaine à Bordeaux




IMG_6909no4see6869textsm
Nucleus and flakes, Moulin de Pourquey, Castelviel (33)

Flint, Inv. no. 2006.17.15.8 to 2006.17.15.13

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2015
Source: Original, Musée d'Aquitaine à Bordeaux




IMG_6911no6jeanblancssee6869text_no6sm
Sagaie, spear point, Les Jean-Blancs (Jamblancs), Bayac (24)

Bone, Inv. no. 60.476.71

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2015
Source: Original, Musée d'Aquitaine à Bordeaux







References

  1. Cheynier A., 1930: Un outil magdalénien nouveau, en silex à Badegoule - La Raclette, Bulletin de la Société préhistorique de France,1930, tome 27, N. 10. pp. 483-488.
  2. Cheynier A., 1939: Le Magdalénien Primitif de Badegoule. Niveaux à Raclettes, Bulletin de la Société préhistorique de France,1939, tome 36, N. 9. pp. 354-396.
  3. Dauvois M., 1989: Son et Musique Paléolithiques, Les Dossiers D'Archéologie, Vol. 142, p. 2-11.
  4. Morley I., 2003: The Evolutionary Originsand Archaeology of Music, Darwin College Research Report, DCRR-002, ISSN 1749-9194
  5. Pradel D., 1957: Le Solutréen de Badegoule. Documentation complémentaire, Bulletin de la Société préhistorique de France, 1957, tome 54, N. 10. pp. 600-605
  6. Rosendahl W., Maureille B., Trinkaus E., 2003: Rediscovery of the Badegoule 5 skeletal remains (Badegoule, le Lardin-Saint-Lazare, Dordogne, France), Paléo, 15 | 2003, pp. 273-278


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This page last updated: Wednesday, 27th Apr 2022 13:10


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My background

Some people have expressed interest in knowing a little bit about me. For those people, here is a potted biography:

I live in New South Wales, Australia, and I am a retired high school mathematics/science teacher.

The Donsmaps site is totally independent of any other influence. I work on it for my own pleasure, and finance it myself. I started before there was an internet, when I thought I could do a better job of the small map on the end papers of Jean Auel's wonderful book, Valley of the Horses, by adding detail and contour lines, and making a larger version. I have always loved maps since I was a young boy.

I had just bought a black and white 'fat Mac' with a whopping 512 kB of memory (!), and no hard disk. With a program called 'Super Paint' and a lot of double work (hand tracing first the maps of Europe from atlases, then scanning the images on the tracing paper, then merging the scanned images together, then tracing these digital scans on the computer screen), I made my own black and white map.

Then the internet came along, the terms of my internet access gave me space for a small website, and Don's Maps started. I got much better computers and software over the years, Adobe Photoshop and Illustrator for example, and my maps became colourised and had more detail. I did a lot of maps of the travels of Ayla from Jean Auel's books, and I gradually included other pages with more and more photos available from the web, and scanned from books or from scientific papers, since I was not happy with the quality generally available. I became very interested in the Venus figurines, and set out to make a complete record of the ice age ones. Along the way I got interested in archaeology for its own sake.

In 2008 my wife and I went to Europe, and when we arrived in Frankfurt at sunrise after the 24 hour plane trip from Sydney, while my wife left on her own tour with her sister, they visited relatives in Germany and Austria, I went off by myself on the train to Paris. Later that afternoon I took a train to Brive-la-Gaillarde, found a hotel and caught up on lost sleep. The next morning I hired a car, and over the next four weeks visited and photographed many of the original archaeological sites in the south of France, as well as many archaeological museums. It was a wonderful experience. My wife and I met up again later in the Black Forest, and cycled down the Danube from its source to Budapest, camping most of the way, a wonderful trip, collecting many photos, including a visit to Dolni Vestonice in the Czech Republic, as well as visiting the Vienna natural history museum. Jean Auel fans will realise the significance of that trip!

Luckily I speak French, the trips to France would have been difficult or impossible otherwise. No one outside large cities speaks English (or they refuse to). I was travelling independently, not as part of a tour group. I never knew where I was going to be the next night, and I camped nearly everywhere, except for large cities. I am a very experienced bushwalker (hiker) and have the required equipment - a one-man ultra lightweight tent, sleeping bag, stove, raincoat, and so on, all of which I make myself for use here when I go bushwalking, especially down the beautiful gorges east of Armidale, though for Europe I use a commercial two person lightweight tent, since weight is not so much of a problem when cycling or using a car, and in any case my wife was with me when cycling, once along the Donau from its source to Budapest in 2008, and again from Amsterdam to Copenhagen and then up the Rhine from Köln to the Black Forest in 2014, both of which were memorable and wonderful trips.

In 2012 we went to Canada for a wedding and to visit old friends, and I took the opportunity to visit the wonderful Museum of Anthropology at the University of British Columbia, where I took many photographs of the items on exhibit, particularly of the superb display of artefacts of the First Nations of the Pacific Northwest.

In 2014 my wife and I did another European cycling tour, from Amsterdam to Copenhagen, then from Cologne up the Rhine to the Black Forest, camping most of the way in each case, and taking many useful photos in museums along the way, including the museums at Leiden, Netherlands, and Roskilde in Denmark, and the National Museum in Copenhagen. Again, I later hired a car and did more photography and visited many more sites in France.

In 2015 I made a lone visit to all the major museums in western Europe by public transport, mostly by train, and that went very well. I had learned a lot of German while travelling with my wife, who is a fluent speaker of the language, and of all the European countries, Germany is my favourite. I feel comfortable there. I love the people, the food, and the beer. Germans are gemütlich, I have many friends there now.

I repeated the visit to western Europe in 2018, to fill in some gaps of museums I had not visited the first time, because they were either closed for renovation the first time (such as the Musée de l'Homme in Paris) or because I ran out of time, or because I wanted to fill in some gaps from major museums such as the British Museum, the Berlin Museum, München, the Louvre, the Petrie and Natural History Museums in London, the Vienna Natural History Museum, the important museum in Brno, and museums in northern Germany. It takes at least two visits, preferably three, to thoroughly explore the items on display in a major museum.

I spend a lot of time on the site, typically at least a few hours a day, often more. I do a lot of translation of original papers not available in English, a time consuming but I believe a valuable task. People and fate have been very generous to me, and it is good to give back a very small part of what I have been given. With the help of online translation apps and use of online dictionaries there are few languages I cannot translate, though I find Czech a challenge!

I will never be able to put up all the photos I have taken, each photo needs a lot of research, typically, to put it in context on the site. I do not have enough time left, life is short and death is long, but I am going to give it a good shot!

Life has been kind to me, I want for nothing, and am in good health. Not many in the world are as lucky as I am, and I am grateful for my good fortune.

My best wishes to all who read and enjoy the pages of my site.



May the road rise up to meet you.
May the wind be always at your back.
May the sun shine warm upon your face;
And may rain on a tin roof lull you to sleep at night.


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Email: don@donsmaps.com



Website last updated Sunday 15 December 2024