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New Works of Palaeolithic Art


РОССИЙСКАЯ АРХЕОЛОГИЯ, 2007, No 1,с. 22-35

НОВЫЕ ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯ ПАЛЕОЛИТИЧЕСКОГО ИСКУССТВА
С ЗАРАЙСКОЙ СТОЯНКИ
© 2007 г. X. А. Амирханов, С. Ю. Лев
Институт археологии РАН, Москва
My translated and truncated adaptation of this paper follows:

Russian Archaeology, 2007, No 1, pp. 22-35

New Works of Palaeolithic Art
© 2007, X. A. Amirkhanov, S. Lev
The Institute of Archeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Since 1994, and so far ekspedition Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences conducts in the city over Rai ̆ ске Moskovskoi ̆ field excavations monument Upper Palaeolithic of the type traditionally kotoryi ̆they are defined as the cost ̆ bische hunters for May Mont. So far, the main rasko transfer (No excavation 4) revealed 225 m2 Cultural distinctive towards ̆; excavations at the monument studieds lightly more than 350 m2 . Part stand-researched ki at the level of bottom sediments of cultural representation ̆ make soboi ̆ part obshirnoi ̆ housing owners ̆ - stvennoi ̆ platform with pockets, latrines different functionality (pit-storage facilities, pit-treasures, priochazhnye fossa, waste pits) and poluzemlyankami. Detects in segments of monuments Nika objects constitute clear plan added structure, well recognizable bone - banking model (Kostenki 1; layers ̆ 1), motivated classic for cultural monuments odnoimennoi ̆ travel (Fig. 1). Based on data obtained at already investigated station, and at their rekonstruiruya through residential owners ̆ agricultural area in це scrap, we can say that so far excavated part of us is slightly less than half the area of the Palaeolithic settlements of. Archaeological and Geological stratigra fi Zarai ̆ Urban ̆ parking as distinct from bone - kovskoi ̆, and from avdeevskoi ̆. The combination of geological and environmental, archeological, paleokriologicheskih, paleopedologicheskih, palinologicheskih facts bolshoi backed ̆ gruppoi ̆ consistent with radiouglerodnyh them datirovok allows races to divide into parts of cultural sediment column ̆ Zarai ̆ Urban ̆ Parking at the time of phase four. Otlo - the last sentence - the upper stage to relate to grebennoi ̆ pochvoi ̆ (upper soil for burial nomenclature, prinyatoi ̆ for Zarai ̆ Urban ̆ parking). This soil of prisoners in the not-cultural ̆ remnants evolved significantly later damping time that took place here earlier large-scale processes permafrost rastreskiva of. With regard ̆ paleobotanicheskoi view dannyi ̆ ̆ segments characterized otdelnoi ̆ palinozonoi ̆. And if the spore-pollen data for the lower It layer indicate kriogigroticheskie (Lane you ̆ vtoroi ̆ stages and accumulation of cultural pending towards ̆) and presumably mezhfazialnye (̆ third stage of cultural accumulation of sediments ̆) conditions, the vegetation time formation described layer of (chetvertyi ̆ stage) supporting It is harakternoi ̆ for mezhstadiala (Shilova, 2000. C. 230-235). For this layer, there are four ra diouglerodnye date 1 . The spread their significance ̆ - from 17900 ± 200 to 15600 ± 300. The cultural deposits, lies under on grebennoi ̆ pochvoi ̆, included in edinyi ̆, but cook shrouds ̆ details lithological ̆ red horizon novatyh (brownish places) or loamy ̆ opeschanennyh loam. This column, reaching mezhduyamnyh excavation sites at No 4 to 30 cm, on - archaeological stratigraphy and kriostratigra - Geographic indicators divided into three this Pas formation. Within this layer two lower They stage (pervyi ̆ and vtoroi ̆ for an overall account of that types, the ongoing bottom-up) separates from the top (third) system developed cracks permafrost. Spore-pyltsevoi ̆ spectrum of the layer of make a single palinozonu fall into two sub. One sub corresponds lane Finance two stages, the second - the third phase formation medical layer. In respect of these comparative subzone characterize the transition from cold and Humid conditions ̆ to wet and slightly more warm climate. The vast majority (13 out of 15) radio carbon dates received for the sediments below ̆ ukazannoi ̆ higher level of permafrost third communities (that is, below the third phase), grouped into an interval of about 23 to 20 thousand LN All three date of the third phase (ie time to nor after dannoi ̆ education system cracks), put in the time span, approximately, 19100 -- Thousands 19000 LN The importance of the above general nature Monument characteristics (especially stratigraphic) will yasnoi ̆, if notice that all known before this time for Zarai ̆ Urban ̆ about parking arrêter art come from the horizon, All cited the date received in the laboratory Radiouglerodnoi ̆ Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences laboratories. Congratulations if - znatelnost head etoi ̆ laboratory LD Suler - zhitskomu for the study of samples from Zarai ̆ Urban ̆ parking. Russian IMAGE

zarysk and kostenki


Fig. 1.
Comparing schematic plans for:
(I) Kostenki 1, layer 1, complex 1
(II) Zaraysk, layer 2, accumulation phase Cultural sediment.


Photo: Russian Archaeology, 2007, No 1, pp. 22-35


geoarheologicheski defined as vtoroi ̆ stage of cultural accumulation of sediments ̆ (Fig. 2). In paleoetnologicheskom sense, the same can be called second level habitat. It is from this same level of habitat and associated named above objects of cultural sediment ̆, which constitute the structure housing plan ̆ owners tion complex, typical for bone - kovskoi ̆ culture. Leaving aside the ornamental gras virovku, the zarai ̆ African paleolithic collection ̆ work of art and decorations ̆ consists of three statuettes, a sculptural image metapodiya of zai ̆ tsa or pestsa of mammoth tusks, one multi-engraved images Mammoth sentence fragment at the edges mammoth water ing necklaces, compiled from 41 tooth and pestsa pestsa scattered teeth with slotted in Kor nevoi ̆ part of the holes. Has become izvestnoi ̆ Thanks to its expressive ̆ isklyuchitelnoi ̆ tion and well ̆ keeping with the statuette bison Over Rai ̆ Urban ̆ parking published monographic (Amirkhanov, Leo, 2004). Of the product of artificial-̆ States brought the old excavations, until now then remain unpublished necklace from зу pestsa poverty and nazvannyi ̆ metapodii ̆. The rest of Del (two statues and two fragments of ribs ma Mont with engraving) found in the excavation No 4 in the course of work in 2005 After work in 2005 Zarai ̆ ская become parking development in a number of monuments Russkoi ̆ plains, that famous product of wealth ̆ pa leoliticheskogo art - such as Costa Rica Tokyo 1, Avdeevo, Gagarino, Hotylevo. Since odnoi ̆ hundred - Ravens, it should not be surprising, because culture Cultural regard ̆ Zarai correspondence is the RUSSIA ̆ SKAYA ARCHAEOLOGY No 1 2007 IMAGE Fig. 2. Zarai ̆ ская parking. Vtoroi ̆ stage of cultural accumulation of sediments ̆. The schematic plan ̆ sovmeschennyi ̆ rasko types 4 and 1. Legend: / - permafrost rift pervoi ̆ generation, 2 - permafrost rift vtoroi ̆ generation; 3 - trenches, damaged layers ̆; 4 - presumably border facilities, 5 - the borders of large pits (zemlyanok), b -- hotbed, 7 - pit; 8 - No holes 116 and 117 with statuettes. listed monuments. However, when all that the materials we rassmatrivaemoi ̆ parking register the specifics and even the existence of exceptional Unsatisfactory rare for monuments of culture dannoi ̆ manifestation ̆, as relating to the composition of species arrêter ̆ art (for example, the availability figure tivnoi ̆ engraving) and processing technology Bone (use drilling technology). Marked - Very originality of the material presented ska Zarai ̆ General submits osobyi ̆ interest. Figures provided monument make grounds for refinement and additions ̆ synthesis ̆, regarding style and a first ̆ bytnogo Russkoi ̆ art at the secondary level Upper Palaeolithic mandated. Let us further description sledge specific material. Women's statuette No 1 (Fig. 3) found in No storage pit-116 (kv.I-2 '), raspolozhennoi ̆ an average of approximately ̆ part bolshoi ̆ zhiloi ̆ bad schadki kostenkovskogo type and are directed to ̆ to second Roma stage of formation of cultural sediment ̆ Monument. This site reconstructed on the basis нове have already excavated the site parking. Pit is located in the space between prices tralnoi ̆ lines ̆ pockets and internal contours? oval (Fig. 2, 4), formed by major deepened edge - "poluzemlyankami." Region ̆ opisyvaemo] No pit 116 recorded at -106 cm and uslovnoi ̆ nulevoi ̆ horizontal. The form in the pit plan not round; -73 cm diameter pit depth of the level; fixation - 114 cm (220 cm from uslovnoi ̆ nulevoi ̆ th rizontali). The walls of pit twisting - ate Coming " permafrost phenomenon ̆ (?); bottom - close to the horizon Steel. Top south-zapadnoi ̆ part pit to a depth d < -150 From uslovnoi ̆ nulevoi ̆ horizontal Destruction) under the impact ̆ accordance permafrost processes. Interest resno presence in the upper part ̆ fill holes Shoulder mammoth warehouse with round holes eat in the center. Shoulder detected stoyaschei ̆ steep < obliquely along the north-vostochnoi ̆ wall (niveli RUSSIA ̆ SKAYA ARCHAEOLOGY No 1 2007 IMAGE Fig. 3. Women's statuette of mammoth tusks from the pit No 116 (see color pasted ̆ ku No 1). rovochnaya bottom mark -145). In this joint it is based directly on the surface ̆ pit edges. This allows the first set realnyi ̆ level of intake pit, and secondly, approved wait, that the statuette originally was offset by lopatkoi ̆ mammoth. Subsequently break Shoulder sewed in a hole, by which time hole was filled cultural layers at about one third depth. Filling holes as follows form Thus (Fig. 5). The lower part of his (to the level noted Tokyo -190 cm from the bottom) was dark grayish - fine-grained olive soup with the introduction olive sand (layers ̆ 8). Its overlapping dark brown, intensely prokrashennaya ohroi ̆ soo drink with the contents of small bone and ugolkov inclusion lens of fine sand (layers ̆ 7). In this layer there was relatively good preservation of bone remnants. Here is found, in particular, krupnyi ̆ piece of rib with mammoth traces of longitudinal dismemberment. At the same place most ̆ de - are two paltsevye phalanx mammoth, and below - not bolshoi ̆ thin piece of bone tip. It is in the underside of the layer detected describes KCDB statuette. Its contours evident in the deep Bin -186 of uslovnoi ̆ nulevoi ̆ horizontal. When clearing brush it became clear that this product from mammoth tusks, as clearly demonstrated internal rhenium konusovidnaya structure of the object. Follow - sided suffered severe destruction - Lamination cones are partly to become stratified and shifted. If the lower layers of filling holes (strata 7 and 8) quite powerful, homogeneous and have a tranquil ̆ Low horizontal bedding, the higher transect filling the pit becomes colorful, neregulyar ing in color, density and with lithological poses. Here noticeable increases ugolkov bone, Some lenses saturated coals particularly hard (Lens 5). Along the east ing edge of pit to a depth of the surface layer 7 vertical drops prosloi ̆ quality yellowish fine sand. At Zarai ̆ Urban ̆ parked ta - Such prosloi ̆ ki represent soboi ̆ usually zateki in seasonal permafrost cracks otzhatiya, shed gavshie on the boundary wall and dense hinterland relatively loose fill pit. Judging by mutual stratigraphic compliance Shoulder carrying mammoth and vertical ukazannoi ̆ kalnoi ̆ prosloi ̆ ki, the first pit overlapping yet Some time after completion of education and merzlotnoi ̆ cracks (recurring cracks) otzhatiya. After this material has acted in a hole ha otichno and irregular, perhaps in the form of an episode zamyvov agency. Then occurred partial de formation of the upper ̆ pit in connection with the advent System-scale permafrost rastreskiva RUSSIA ̆ SKAYA ARCHAEOLOGY No 1 2007 IMAGE Fig. 4. Zarai ̆ Sk - 2005. Overall ̆ plan pits No 116, 117 per square. And, 3-2 ', 3'. Legend: 1 - permafrost rift lane in ̆ generation, 2 - permafrost rift vtoroi ̆ generation, 3 - trenches, damaged layers ̆; 4 - presumably gras Allah objects, 5 - the borders of large pits (zemlyanok), 6 - outlines of the pits at the bottom, 7 - pit; 8 - Shoulder mammoth; 9 -- Women's statuette. of (the emergence vtoroi ̆, on zarai ̆ Urban ̆ scheme cracks generation). Based on stratigraphic Indicators, overlapping pit Shoulder mamon one struck in a hole or during specified мерз lotnyh phenomenon ̆, or perhaps directly before they start. Breed fill higher level me, discourage bottom obrushivshei ̆ are in a hole shovels ki, is soboi ̆ odnorodnyi ̆ layers ̆ cinnamon wool-seroi ̆ loamy with a few minor inclusions bone ugolkov (layers ̆ 1). In stratigraphy Zarai ̆ - ska such signs are typical for most of tion permafrost cracks vtoroi ̆ generation and partly lithological third contents Phase cultural accumulation of sediments ̆. In filling the pit discovered flint from Affairs (total just under 40) and smaller fragments Bone ̆. They are included in the diffuse form of mass fill more or less evenly, not education ethical cluster ̆. In typological respect environment Di flint product ̆ dominated billets - otschepy and plates, and their fragments, shells of all ̆ five - three kostenkovskogo type knife, one to which combined with incisors and two more incisor teeth, g Also chips with them. Figurine found itself in filling the west but ̆ part pit at a depth of 186 cm from zero uslovnoi ̆ ̆ in the horizontal (73 cm from the reconstructed edge pit). She lay flat on his back soprikasayas legs with stenkoi ̆ and golovoi ̆, at pravlennoi ̆ toward the center pit. 'In-b cm north of the statues at its head bedding level observed ochre Bordeaux Lens digital color size 11 cm in length and up to 4 cm in shee rhinitis. Under figurkoi ̆, as well as south of it fixed restated brighter lens of fine sand Statuette was on 2-3 cm above the sand of this i okrashennoi ̆ ohroi ̆ korichnevatoi ̆ loamy (layers ̆ 7). Thus, based on seen by the data, it can be argued that statuetkg was deliberately stacked in a hole at a time when etg hole about one-third filled depths, to sail round of the ground. Apparently, it i pit covered this point (most likely the last ̆ of times) lopatkoi ̆ mammoth. Not for whether describes my ̆ statuettes was offset by pit? After all, to that? RUSSIA ̆ SKAYA ARCHAEOLOGY No 1 2007 IMAGE Fig. 5. Zarai ̆ Sk - 2005. Yama No 116. A - Cut E-E1 (SW-NE) per square. AND-2 '. View from the South-B; B - Profiles E2-EZ (SV-SO) to Apt. AND-2 '. View from the S-3. Legend: Yes - Shoulder mammoth, b - a mammoth edge in - predpolozhitelnyi ̆ contour pit board, razrushennyi ̆ merzlotnoi ̆ treschinoi ̆; g - female statuette. Layers: 1 - brownish-gray soup with small ugolkami; 2 - reddish soup with small ugolkami, 3 - zheltovatyi ̆ melkozernistyi ̆ sand, 4 - uglistost, 5 - to richnevataya soup with coals, 6 - zelenovatyi ̆ melkozernistyi ̆ sand with rare ugolkami, 7 - dark brown, intensity sivno prokrashennaya ohroi ̆ soup; 8 - dark grayish-olive floury soup with olive introduction of sand. time when it was on a statuette, yama no longer represented soboi ̆ what it to languish originally was - a large container, predna value for storing utensils, materials and stores. Retention figurines bad. Sama clearance, removal of the layer and further from the neck preservation ̆ tion was no easy task. In rai ̆ OSCE chest and abdomen happened bundle tusks on natural governmental plates. From the back statuettes material like mortar. The depth of destruction are not of uniform, maximum - 5 mm. Since litsevoi ̆ hand at the chest and abdomen Example are deep (up to 0.7 mm) cracks on the border bundles plates tusks. In these cracks from - notes there vrosshie roots of modern plant ̆. An overall deformation and, flexibility Governors especially in the left part statuet Tokyo and below the belt razbuhla looks noticeably thicker pravoi ̆. It is better preserved head and legs. They There are even zaloschennost that characterize ̆ surface for most bone product ̆ from the paleolithic parking. Availability zaloschenno - ment shows that the recent operations ̆ quos ̆ in technology manufacturing statuettes were members reduction of soft material. Reveal traces of the air ̆ accordance ̆ other shells ̆ during prod of the subject impossible because of conservation plohoi ̆ of products. Tschatel'nee statuettes from all framed, on complaining ̆, head. At etoi ̆ part statuettes can be seen elbow normal kostenkovskih figurines attempt ku convey hairstyle and / or golovnoi ̆ piece (Soffer et al., 2000. P. 511-525; Demeschenko, 2006. S. 5-17). Made using a short ritmich tion of vertical cuts. Notching form bonds - Such ring straps, narrowed from the base head to the top. A similar design of Fishing for female statuettes known in property kostenkovskih material directly (statuette No 3 on Efimenko, 1958). The collection of statuettes Ko - 1 wall (segments ̆ 1) notes the combination gravirov Tokyo described the nature of an injury-series population cheque, which form a line rasprostranyayuschi dotted top of her head to the base (statuette for Efimenko No 50, 1958). Shoulder opisyvaemoi ̆ statuettes significantly already on the field thighs; dramatically highlighted kind, direct. Hands folded in the lower part of a lively ̆ ta. They clearly identified glubokoi ̆ gravirovkoi ̆, litsevoi ̆ both sides, and from the back. Brushes hands are not shown. Accented stomach, you - provides a forward, but not threatened. Hips massive, slightly hypertrophied. The legs instead of speed - Bissau ̆ have kopytoobraznoe completion. RUSSIA ̆ SKAYA ARCHAEOLOGY No 1 2007 IMAGE Fig. 6. Zarai ̆ innovative statuettes in the typology (on Gvozdover MD) paleoliticheskoi ̆ antropomorfnoi ̆ small sculpture Forms. The size of the following figures: Height-16.6 cm; width at the shoulders - 4 cm, the belt - 5.1 cm, from thighs -- 5.5 cm thick at the shoulders - 3 cm, the belt - 4.3 cm, from бе der - The ratio of 4.4 cm length to long torso 8.6 feet is not well: 7.6 cm Zarai ̆ African figurine No 1 is fully in line UNIDO general canons antropomorfnoi ̆ sculpture tours of small forms, tipichnoi ̆ for villendorfsko - kostenkovskoi ̆ ̆ cultural commonality. Especially - tion products allow ̆ and give it a more narrow model logical definition. Statuette relates to ̆ a variety ̆ this kind of product, which ha rakterizuetsya faceless, naklonennoi ̆ forward and down golovoi ̆, standing ̆ pozoi with relatively ̆ vertikalnoi ̆ back and separate image feet to the knees. In spetsialnoi ̆ literature this style referred to as avdeevskii ̆ (Fig. 6). Statuette No 2 (Fig. 7) is not soboi ̆ Complete figure, presumably wives culture. We encountered it, like the previous ones, in stan dartnoi ̆ pit storage (yama No 117)-kostenkov tion type. This hole captures the various parts 3 squares, I - 2, '3') and is located directly in stvennoi ̆ vicinity of the pit, soderzhavshei great ̆ statuette. She also was initially covered lopatkoi ̆ mammoth. Stratigraphic opisyvaemyi regard ̆ object entirely to the second stage of the formation of cultures ing sediments ̆ parking. Rekonstruiruemyi ̆ ur - level of intake pit -109 cm from uslovnoi ̆ nulevoi ̆ horizontally. Form round pits with a diameter The original depth of 73-78 cm was Top pit see 108 (above the level of bedding Shoulder mammoth perekryvavshei ̆ pit, ie higher marks -144 From uslovnoi ̆ nulevoi ̆ horizontally) strongly de shape permafrost phenomena. The walls pit expanded to bottom (a consequence of deformation); bottom - more or less horizontal. Mnogochastnoe filling the holes clearly discouraging elk from the walls. Filling appears colorful and kososloistym whereas ̆ parts that are most ̆ affected permafrost processes (Fig. 8). That is the nature of fill to a depth of 35 cm from the level of intake. At this level, lies outside - fallen in a hole here and lying horizontally lo patka mammoth. Then goes deep into the layers ̆ krasnova then fine yellow sand with fine ugolkami bone - layers ̆ 1). At this contact RUSSIA ̆ SKAYA ARCHAEOLOGY No 1 2007 Russian » English Translate Suggest a better translation Thank you for contributing your translation suggestion to Google Translate. We'll use your suggestion to improve translation quality in future updates to our system. Fig. 6. Zarai ̆ innovative statuettes in the typology (on Gvozdover MD) paleoliticheskoi ̆ antropomorfnoi ̆ small sculpture
Forms.
The size of the following figures: Height-16.6 cm;
width at the shoulders - 4 cm, the belt - 5.1 cm, from thighs --
5.5 cm thick at the shoulders - 3 cm, the belt - 4.3 cm, from бе
der - The ratio of 4.4 cm length to long torso
8.6 feet is not well: 7.6 cm
Zarai ̆ African figurine No 1 is fully in line
UNIDO general canons antropomorfnoi ̆ sculpture
tours of small forms, tipichnoi ̆ for villendorfsko -
kostenkovskoi ̆ ̆ cultural commonality. Especially -
tion products allow ̆ and give it a more narrow model
logical definition. Statuette relates to
̆ a variety ̆ this kind of product, which ha
rakterizuetsya faceless, naklonennoi ̆ forward
and down golovoi ̆, standing ̆ pozoi with relatively ̆
vertikalnoi ̆ back and separate image
feet to the knees. In spetsialnoi ̆ literature
this style referred to as avdeevskii ̆ (Fig. 6).
Statuette No 2 (Fig. 7) is not soboi ̆
Complete figure, presumably wives
culture. We encountered it, like the previous ones, in stan
dartnoi ̆ pit storage (yama No 117)-kostenkov
tion type. This hole captures the various parts
3 squares, I - 2, '3') and is located directly in
stvennoi ̆ vicinity of the pit, soderzhavshei great ̆
statuette. She also was initially covered
lopatkoi ̆ mammoth.
Stratigraphic opisyvaemyi regard ̆ object
entirely to the second stage of the formation of cultures
ing sediments ̆ parking. Rekonstruiruemyi ̆ ur -
level of intake pit -109 cm from uslovnoi ̆ nulevoi ̆
horizontally. Form round pits with a diameter
The original depth of 73-78 cm was
Top pit see 108 (above the level of bedding Shoulder
mammoth perekryvavshei ̆ pit, ie higher marks
-144 From uslovnoi ̆ nulevoi ̆ horizontally) strongly de
shape permafrost phenomena. The walls
pit expanded to bottom (a consequence of deformation);
bottom - more or less horizontal.
Mnogochastnoe filling the holes clearly discouraging
elk from the walls. Filling appears colorful and
kososloistym whereas ̆ parts that are most ̆
affected permafrost processes
(Fig. 8). That is the nature of fill to a depth of
35 cm from the level of intake. At this level, lies outside -
fallen in a hole here and lying horizontally lo
patka mammoth. Then goes deep into the layers ̆ krasnova
then fine yellow sand with fine
ugolkami bone - layers ̆ 1). At this contact
RUSSIA ̆ SKAYA ARCHAEOLOGY No 1 2007 FULL PAGE IMAGE layer with underlay 2 (slaboohristaya order novato-brown soup, rich bone ugolkami) nor the level of -165 uslovnoi ̆ nulevoi ̆ horizontally or at a depth of 56 cm from the level of intake pit and lie described statuette. Below on transect lie olive Cenomanian sands and pure form (layers ̆ 7) or raznoi ̆ extent relocation Shan with krasnovatoi ̆ loamy (sections 5, 6). Finds - ki 1 with a small bone fragments ̆, bone ugolkov and fragmented silicon ̆ met mainly in 2 layers (in ̆ great extent). 5 and 6. Layers ̆ same I, which lies statuette, was almost deprived of his finds, with the exception of chalk ugolkov such bone. Figure rested horizontally in the western sec torus pit. Golovoi ̆ she was oriented in a hundred Centre parties pit; feet touch with stenkoi ̆. At 3-4 cm north of the statues head record Vano lie horizontally mineral stain but ̆ claret-coloured paint sizes 11x4 see 11od figurkoi ̆ and slightly south of it was thin bright lens of fine sand, not spreads further. Statuette lay pa 2-3 cm above etoi ̆ lenses of sand. Retention etoi ̆ figurines with the outside surface ̆ was of better than pervoi ̆. However structure Dr. material was razrushennoi ̆. At the time detection, had the consistency of plans stilina, at variance with the ̆ ̆, that light touch Name would lead to its destruction at melchai ̆ Further, almost non-structured fragments. Drugoi ̆ ̆ change the type of material evident in some odnoi ̆ swelling of the boundary and insignificant part ̆ Executive horizontal displacement of external ̆ plan stiny dentin. This shift occurred when tusks structure of buildings still remained AMY prochnoi preparation ̆, and processes melkostrukturnyh Interior change ̆ not have gone any away. This eloquently spoke of full smeschennoi ̆ presence at the plate whatever it cracks. The material for the manufacture of statuettes served prodolnyi ̆ fragment of the Interior ̆ tusks. Based on observation of nature ̆ races schepleniya mammoth tusks at Zarai ̆ Urban parked ̆ it can be assumed that most likely it was massivnyi ̆ otschep. Harvesting brought to a hundred ̆ India, clearly highlighted when the head, torso and on Area legs. Head singled out two semirings Wash deep gutters, disposable with litsevoi ̆ and zatylochnoi ̆ parties. Takoi ̆ same, but not - how much more widely ̆ trench made by the back at a level consistent with kotoryi ̆ (if the statue was completed) from the bottom section of the thighs to bend knees. Further down from the gutters AMY Training tapered and becomes a wedge in profile Prominent shape. Handling bivnevoi ̆ harvesting implemented began using such techniques as carving planed and skoblenie. Traces of these opera tions ̆ clearly preserved on the surface before Meta. Giving undeniable style-tipologiche ethical attribution unfinished products takog kind of difficult. However, the profile and proportions of phi gurki inclined to accept the figure morphological and artistic relations most blizkoi ̆ statuette to avdeevskogo stil5 Calling this statuette nezakonchennoi ̆, we, Max ultimately, have in mind the fine side. Tf some of the definition justifies the existence dannoi ̆ collection of figurines, which by their ̆ ate delks fits completely under canon zakonchet ing ̆ product of this kind. However, if the next approve not only with regard ̆ esteticheskoi view, but take into account almost no known functional us! UNIDO side of the product ̆, then consider dates ̆ are subject as nezakonchennyi ̆, perhaps буде wrong. Women's statuettes, which can be be called unfinished, rather m metno present in kostenkovskih mother; schools. In this context their bedding in a layer (communications with specific objects poselencheskoi ̆ strut tours) and tafonomiya no different from the field wife and entourage most perfect pronzve dsnii ̆ of its kind. Remembering that konteks finds uncertain destination, often speaks function of the more than performance the subject, we must admit that from utt lptarnoi ̆ hand, this figure could rassmag regarded as completely finished in terms of then ̆ purpose for whose ̆ it was intended. Turning to other types izobrazitelnoi ̆ de5 ment inhabitants ̆ Zarai ̆ Urban ̆ parking, following focus on items found with graviro! KOI ̆. In summary the use of techniques engraving on the monuments of Upper Palaeolithic Sun stochnoi ̆ Nvropy represented by the following three varieties: ornamental, functional] hiring and figurative. The first two types vstrechayuts quite common. Sometimes they are difficult to delineate because it is not always easy to determine what sts the primacy of the parties in a given image aesthetic or utilitarian. A third of the named varieties ̆ - gravt figurative wording in the cultural array "Sun gravetta waste "Russkoi ̆ plains to nastoyapd On time remained little known] Only in the first set of materials Kostenki as a "very osoboi ̆ things ̆ every category ( striking nature "(Efimenko, 1958. S. 40S noted the existence of single engraving ̆ image trudnoopredilimyh figures vividly: tion on fragments of mammoth ribs. One gaki gravirovok was allegedly identified RUSSIA ̆ SKAYA ARCHAEOLOGY L "1 2007 IMAGE as image ovtsebyka (Efimenko, 1958. Fig. 200). Stop at the characteristics of the vehicles with ̆ engraving of the first years of excavations Zarai ̆ Urban ̆ arheologicheskoi ̆ Institute archaeological expedition RAS strategy is not necessary, since they are already published (Amirkhanov, 2000). Consider Only items described kind, found governmental recent excavations. In their list drew the attention of small-scale ̆ fragment tone koi ̆ trubchatoi ̆ bones presumably with the birds gravirovkoi ̆ (yama No 117). Ornament is made calculated movements, which can be Lo make sharp uglovatym silicon projection Model guns. Engraving refers to the variety tion "skew the dagger. Subject to which relations opisyvaemyi force ̆ fragment was decorated ornament in the longitudinal direction. In the mother - Al kostenkovskoi ̆ culture of the ornament the type mentioned in ornaments and upper handle ̆ boundary frequently ̆ lopatochek, housewife from trubcha Bone least ̆ birds, bracelets, zoomorphic "fi bd ( "zakolok") and sometimes large bone finally nechnikov. Zarai ̆ ская parking gives an example of using ornament in dekorirovke still odnoi ̆, not known prior to kostenkovskoi ̆ culture category product ̆. This is the subject of mammoth tusks in the form of truncated cone with a perforated in prices require cutting the narrow vertical hole (Fig. 9). The top of the truncated cone is in diameter of 22 mm diameter at the base - 37 mm. By krugloi ̆ edge of the track formiruyuschei ̆ hands Mr. products, suffered ornament in the form of "loans skew statistics. "Ornament and finely ̆ plotnyi ̆; crosses ̆ large part of touch with one another. Appointment described ornamented On the subject remains unclear to us. Direct analogy to him in paleolithic materials unspent Unknown. Over all, it is similar to the so-called weights dyakovskogo type whose function well remains the same zagadkoi ̆. Rassmatrivaemyi ̆ kostyanoi ̆ object is and fix crucial for materials kostenkovskoi ̆ Culture technological singularity. She over - is to use in the manufacture of its Admission drilling. Product drill at all thick (14 mm). Engineering drilling - backward. Given that the diameter remains virtually sverliny practically unchanged at full length, need to recognize acquaintance paleolithic zarai ̆ raising masters with tehnikoi ̆ drilling in its fairly advanced form. Edinstvennyi ̆ yet to Zarai ̆ Urban ̆ on parking razets figurativnoi ̆ engraving found in the media Bissau ̆ part fill pit storage (hole 117) to -167 cm depth of a scratch. It lies in korichnevoi ̆ dark loamy, nasyschennoi ̆ coals, with slaboi ̆ ohristoi ̆ dyed (layers ̆ 2) in direct sredstvennoi ̆ vicinity of the statuettes, most ̆ dennoi in ̆ then ̆ same pit (Fig. 4). Recall that the statue was found closer to the pit board to contact red novato of fine yellow sand with fine bone ugolkami (layers ̆ 1), with underlying 2 layer at the level of -165 uslovnoi ̆ nulevoi ̆ gori zontali. The products were lying at a distance of 7 cm apart from each other. The question arises whether the cases but ̆ Happiness co-location so not ordinar tion and, apparently, very meaningful in worship against objects? The subject in question, introduced by ̆ fighting mammoth piece of rib dlinoi 18 ̆ see Rez ̆ fighting raised only nebolshoi ̆ plot ploskoi ̆ surface of this fragment - this area size partners only 3 cm in length and 2, 5 cm in width. Carving very thin, shallow; once it difficult even for met. Nevertheless, the main line image of clear, not lacerations conducted Confident continuous movements. In extent expressed lines ̆ presence of a hierarchy. The lines, contours discourage images, more and deeper. Those who belong to detail -- less noticeable. In opisyvaemoi ̆ engraving can be seen the image of three overlapping each other RUSSIA ̆ SKAYA ARCHAEOLOGY No 1 2007 IMAGE Mammoth figures designed from left to right (Fig. 10, 11). All figures are shown in part. Portrayed external contours of trunk and head, transition to the back and, apparently, tusks. The most expressive is the first - long image wife. Here well-transmitted myasistyi ̆ trunk and accented shishkovataya mammoth head. From chetlivo shows chelka made short! and much more thin lines. In pravilnoi ̆ prostranstvennoi ̆ correlation ment figures can be seen opredelennyi ̆ Compon zitsionnyi ̆ order. The availability of songs prerequisite RUSSIA ̆ SKAYA ARCHAEOLOGY No 1 2007 FULL PAGE IMAGE IMAGE Fig. 11. The ratio of plot with gravirovkoi ̆ (1) to polnoi ̆ length of the fragments of rib mammoth (2). proposes the transfer prospects. Dei ̆ équivalents, with Looking at the image there is a feeling On that prospect exists, but the prospect the reverse. Mammoth plan is shown in the far more larger than the figures in the foreground, and you looks ahead cut the rest. In style-artistically description described the image, certainly applies to second style Palaeolithic izobrazitel tion of art A. Leroi-Guranu (Leroi-Gouran, 1995). This style ( "vtoroi ̆ primitivnyi ̆") ties faith with gravettom - beginning solyutre. Image - made out of animal, usually "sine - idnoi ̆ "line ̆, which outlines the neck and spy well. Horn shown in profile or in FAS iskazhennoi ̆ term. The legs are often lacking or just marked. In some cases, but - Allah is not reduced and designed for the entire length. In full accordance with the canon described style shows carved from mammoth relatives ing Zarai ̆ culture monument Dolni Vestonitse. All picture here is limited odnoi ̆ lines ̆, peredayuschei ̆ contour of the head and back. Chronology - Economically dannyi ̆ style relates to the period of women's sculptural image ̆, called "paleo political Venus. " Zarai ̆ ская parking has already submitted earlier opportunities redkoi ̆ possibility of credibility Reconstruction of meaning and purpose of one particular pro arrêter art. It is about using statuettes bison hunting in ritual magic ̆ (Amirkhanov, Leo, 2004. Pp 299-321). As one tion of the important elements of this ritual distinguished are no statues of causing deliberate severe damage ̆, imitating killed ̆ tion beast. Another rare example of brightness for research Use artistic image in ̆ ma strategic rites advocated multi-gras virovannoe image of mammoths Zarai ̆ Urban ̆ parking. In addition figurativnoi ̆ part carved There are two pencil lines ̆. Both of these pencil lines ing in the head two of the three depicted mamon dents. In terms of this semantic can be Law would put one of the famous model ми naskalnoi ̆ paleoliticheskoi ̆ painting, depicting animals with the aim of They "arrows." However, there is a known weak bost in interpretations, which the images to simulate the destruction of animals magic rituals. It is difficult to exclude and other interpretations. Another case - cases such as those throughout the tion. Mammoth top of the image of Zarai ̆ Urban ̆ parking there obvious damage. They have the character of holes with ragged edges, to which may have accrued only through direct moho strike sharp objects. Linkage of these povre - ̆ approval with plot to gravirovkoi ̆, and only with him there is no doubt ̆. At the engraved image - Mammoth expression was caused at least tenth ty strikes. On the focus of these attacks it said, that ceterus ̆ surface fragment ribs, to thorium exceeds area taken in gravirovkoi ̆ six times, there is no trace of impact. It is necessary was to make some effort to that the strikes were so stressed out. On - remember that engraving occupies an area equal UNIDO only 3 x 2.5 cm (Fig. 11). Thus, the engraved image of Zarai ̆ Urban ̆ parking along with figurkoi ̆ bison provides yet another fact of the use obi head of that settlement product ̆ portray Executive Art in magical purposes. In the eagerly - whose fishing-religious nature of these dei ̆ accordance ̆ hardly doubt. By the way, opisyvaemyi ̆ fact is almost the only argument by the positive image of the area Paleolithic art strikingly Vostochnoi ̆ Ev Europe in a continuing among researchers ̆ pervobyt more than a century of dispute about the hunt Paleolithic ̆ people on mammoth or not. The above new findings enrich total collection of sculptures of small forms pa leolita Vostochnoi ̆ Europe and expand geo Earl of specific types of art product ̆. In Zarai ̆ ске yet excavated in approximately half the area of housing-masters-governmental ̆ ment complex kostenkovskogo type. But already this ̆ - Hour one can say that on the wealth and diversity diversity of art this monument becomes an equal footing with such famous pa Monuments, as Kostenki 1, Avdeevo, Gagarino, Khotylyova. Accordingly, bass and Mr. ̆ district. Oka at full grounds can be switched on in Area disseminate the culture medium pores ̆ Upper Paleolithic Europe, harakterizuemoi ̆ duhovnoi ̆ highest manifestations of culture, as reflected in Paleolithic art average user. Rassmotrennyi ̆ above material and raises proper archaeological problems of attitude to a better understanding of the whole villendorfsko-art phenomenon kostenkov-1 Urban ̆ ̆ cultural commonality, clarify common ha | last characteristics, as well as finding less ; one hundred and product ̆ role in establishing art Ones archaeological various ranks. In terms of general issues-archaeological research kusstvovedcheskogo analysis paleoliticheskoi ̆ small-form sculptures and taking into account materials Zarai ̆ ska, we should note that not include all true art medium ̆ pores Top It Vostochnoi ̆ Paleolithic Europe to a One style - realism, or naturalism scheme tripartism. For the specified cultural phenomenon, we find and the first and second, and third. But finally in the various monuments or groups of pa manifestations of these monuments expressed far from evenly, and if the totality sources in the most general terms, then one can not but when znavat more or less expressed dominirova none of these styles ̆. For rassmatrivaemoi ̆ stage Upper Palaeolithic and Zapadnoi ̆ Europe (Leroi-Gouran, 1995), and Vostochnoi ̆ Europe (in particular of, Russkoi ̆ plains) as poslednegs advocates realism (Kozlowsky, 1992) with the elements stylization and even shematizma. Works of art, like the stone industry striya, identify between monuments general similarities. Unlike the first place, even in pain Neck ̆ extent they are able to establish differences smallest plan between specific monuments anyone. It is making its ̆ rassmatrivaemoi ̆ category sources is invaluable importance for died - ethnological reconstruction ̆. For instance Availability of Zarai ̆ ске only one (avdeevskogo ^ of three types of female statues, known for Tsentralnoi ̆ and Vostochnoi ̆ Europe (Gvozdover 1995) could not be treated as a special meaningful, if there were no other very important * ̆ analogy of the same plan. You can specify, for example measures to that, of all monuments "vostochnogs gravetta "imitation metapodiev animals, manufacture manufacture of mammoth tusks, found tolks in Avdeevo and Zarai ̆ ске. This product, reflecting - Forgiving, throughout ̆ visibility, special religious-ma strategic presentation, so specific. that can not be explained downtime ̆ cases ̆ nostys its existence in some monuments and the lack of E others. Rituals and ceremonies hunting ̆ magic creators Leu ̆ narrow archaeological and cultural commonality ̆, at Supporter example ̆ kostenkovskoi ̆ culture, Pacific re all in their ̆ basis is not very different. However, the embodiment of their material, judging by all mu, was uneven. Widely distributed - role at all times and at different peoples hunting; RUSSIA ̆ SKAYA ARCHAEOLOGY No 1 2007 NEW WORKS OF ART PALEOLITICHESKOGO 35 otpaznachivaniya tradition (cut paws ext a hunting animal), perhaps we are fixed eat at all monuments of the Eastern gravetta "- at Bone usual ̆ lapok wolf, for ̆ tsa, pestsa in anatomy the normal space for cultural sectors Monuments specified range. However, material tion magicheskoi ̆ ideas takoi ̆ izoschrennoi ̆ form Meteorology, as manufacturing sculptural images metapodiya one of ordinary objects willingly whose fishing can not be expressed with poles nakovoi ̆ siloi ̆ at all, even "sister" monument anyone, and they are not expressed ̆ équivalents. Usually only one common characteristics Stone and bone tools are considering as is sufficient for a finding of striking Mr. similarity of culture and Kostenki This Avdeeve similarity even explain any affiliation dei ̆, to keep the monuments and people odnoi ̆ then ̆ same community (Rogachev, 1957). But how Bo - closer than should have been kinship obitate Leu ̆ Zarai ̆ Urban ̆ and Avdeevskoi ̆ parking, if before tion to the commonality of their culture materialnoi ̆ This population was united and committed to conceal Gov. peace for them religious-mystical submission ̆? • The work was carried out under the Programme Fundamental Research Bureau ̆ RAN (Adaptation of peoples and cultures to change prirodnoi ̆ environment, social and technological transformations) and Grant RFFI No 05-06-80074. REFERENCES Amirkhanov H.A. Zarai ̆ ская parking. M., 2000. Amirkhanov H.A., Lev SYU. Statuette bison with Zarai ̆ - Urban ̆ parking / / Problems of the Stone Age Russkoi ̆ Plain. M., 2004. Demeschenko SA Features ornaments ̆ Kostenko - Joint-avdeevskoi ̆ culture / / RA. 2006. No 1. Efimenko PP Kostenko 1. M.; L., 1958. A. Rogachev Mnogosloi ̆-governmental parking Kostenkovsko Borshevskogo rai ̆ it on the Don and the problem of development Culture in the upper Paleolithic era to Russkoi ̆ Plains / / Palaeolithic and neolit. MIA. 1957. No 59. T. 3. Shilov GN Conclusion of the results of spore - pollen analysis of samples from zarai ̆ Urban ̆ superlateral paleoliticheskoi ̆ parking / / Amirkhanov H.A. Zarai ̆ - ская parking. M., 2000. Gvozdover M. Art of the Mammoth Hunters. The Finds of Avdeevo / / Oxbow Monograph. 1995. No 49. Sojfer O., Adovasio J.M., HylandD.C. The Venus Figurines: Textiles, Basketry, Gender, and Status in the Upper Palae olithic / / Current Anthropology. 2000. V. 41. No 4. Kozlowsky J.K. L'art de la Prehistoire en Europe orientale. CNRS editions. 1992. Leroi-Gouran A. Prehistoire de l'art occidental. Nouvelle edition revue et augmentee par Brigitte et Gilles Delluc. Paris, 1995. New finds of Paleolithic art from Zaraisk H. A. Amirkhanov, S. Yu. Lev Summary The article is devoted to works of art discovered in the course of excavations at the site of a mammoth-hunter camp which is being investigated by the RAS Institute of Archeology expedition in Zaraisk (Moscow region) since 1994. The art collection consists of three figurines, one sculpture of a hare or polar fox metapodium carved from mammoth tusk, one multi-figure image of mammoths on a mammoth rib fragment, one necklace 41 of polar fox teeth, and separate polar fox teeth with holes at the root. Most of the finds are published for the first time, part of them was discovered during the 2005 season. The finds allow to compare the Zaraisk site to other monuments of the Russian plain which are famous for the abundant works of art discovered there (Ko - styonki 1, Avdeevo, Gagarino, Khotyliovo). I RUSSIA ̆ SKAYA ARCHAEOLOGY No 1 2007 3 *




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